SRI:
Significance of the Number 108 in Vedic Culture
Indian culture has a very special significance for Number 108. What does this number represent, and why is it so important?
One idea is as follows: In one minute, we breathe in approximately 15 times, in 1 hour - 900 times, And in 12 hours - 10,800 times, and in a day - 10,800 * 2 times. A day consists of 24 hours, and if we set aside half the day for our day to day routines. Then one can spend 12 hours for recitation of one's God. Therefore, it seems that the maximmum number of times that one can recite "mantra" , or perform "Japa" is 10,800. If one wants to obtain 100% benefit of the japa, then performing Jap 108 times will give you the benefit of 100%. That's why in a "Mala" , There are 108 beads. It is written in Vedas, that 1 japa or "round" corresponds to 1 mala (which has 108 beads), therefore performing japa of 108 malas will result in 100% benefit.
Astronomically, there are 27 constellations in our galaxy, and each one
them has 4 directions, and 27 * 4 = 108. In other words the number 108
covers the whole galaxy.
3) According to Indian scriptures, letter 9 corresponds to Lord Brahma (the
Creator of universe). Mathematically, the interesting property of 9 is
9 x 1 = 9
9 x 2 = 18 (8+1 = 9)
9 * 3 = 27 (7+2 = 9)...
9 * 12 = 108 (1+0+8 = 9)
The addition of digits of number 108 is 9, and number 9 is related with Brahma, that's why 108 is very important.
Indian Vedas, treats the Sun as God, and Sun has 12 signs (Zodiac signs).
In Yajurveda, the Sun is related with Lord Brahma (the number 9),
9 x 2 = 18 (8+1 = 9)
9 * 3 = 27 (7+2 = 9)...
9 * 12 = 108 (1+0+8 = 9)
The addition of digits of number 108 is 9, and number 9 is related with Brahma, that's why 108 is very important.
Indian Vedas, treats the Sun as God, and Sun has 12 signs (Zodiac signs).
In Yajurveda, the Sun is related with Lord Brahma (the number 9),
remember - 12 * 9 = 108; therefore for recitation of the mantra or prayer, the
number 108 is very sacred.
According to Vedic scriptures, there are also 4 Yugas
Satya Yuga - consists of 172,800 years (1+7+2+8 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Treta Yuga consists of 1296000 years (1+2+9+6 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Dwapara Yuga consists of 864000 years (8+4+6) = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Kaliyuga consists of 432000 years (4+3+2) = 9
Harshad number: 108 is a Harshad number, which is an integer divisible by
the sum of its digits (Harshad is from Sanskrit, and means "great joy")
Desires: There are said to be 108 earthly desires in mortals.
Lies: There are said to be 108 lies that humans tell.
Delusions: There are said to be 108 human delusions or forms of ignorance.
Heart Chakra: The chakras are the intersections of energy lines, and there
are said to be a total of 108 energy lines converging to form the heart
chakra. One of them, sushumna leads to the crown chakra, and is said to be
the path to Self-realization.
Sanskrit alphabet: There are 54 letters in the Sanskrit alphabet. Each has
masculine and feminine, Shiva and shakti. 54 times 2 is 108.
Pranayama: If one is able to be so calm in meditation as to have only 108
breaths in a day, enlightenment will come.
Upanishads: Some say there are 108 Upanishads, texts of the wisdom of the
ancient sages.
Sri Yantra: On the Sri Yantra there are marmas where three lines intersect,
and there are 54 such intersections. Each intersection has masculine and
feminine, Shiva and shakti qualities. 54 times 2 equals 108. Thus, there
are 108 points that define the Sri Yantra as well as the human body. The
angle formed by two adjacent lines in a pentagon equals 108 degrees.
Pentagon: The angle formed by two adjacent lines in a pentagon equals 108
degrees.
Marmas: Marmas or marmasthanas are like energy intersections called
chakras, except have fewer energy lines converging to form them. There are
said to be 108 marmas in the subtle body.
Time: Some say there are 108 feelings, with 36 related to the past, 36
related to the present, and 36 related to the future.
Chemistry: Interestingly, there are about 115 elements known on the
periodic table of the elements. Most of those, around or higher than the
number 100 only exist in the laboratory, and some for only thousandths of a
second. The number that naturally exist on Earth is around 100.
Astrology: There are 12 constellations, and 9 arc segments called namshas
or chandrakalas. 9 times 12 equals 108. Chandra is moon, and kalas are the
divisions within a whole.
River Ganga: The sacred River Ganga spans a longitude of 12 degrees (79 to
91), and a latitude of 9 degrees (22 to 31). 12 times 9 equals 108.
Planets and Houses: In Vedic astrology, there are 12 houses and 9 planets.
12 times 9 equals 108.
Goddess names: There are said to be 108 major names of the Vedic Gods and
Goddesses.
Gopis of Krishna: In the Krishna tradition, there were said to be 108 most
important of the gopis or maid servants of Krishna .
1, 0, and 8: Some say that 1 stands for God or higher Truth, 0 stands for
emptiness or completeness in spiritual practice, and 8 stands for infinity
or eternity.
Sun and Earth: The diameter of the Sun is 108 times the diameter of the
Earth. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 108 times the diameter of
the Sun.
Moon and Earth: The average distance of the Moon from the Earth is 108
times the diameter of the Moon.
Silver and the moon: In astrology, the metal silver is said to represent
the moon.
Numerical scale: The 1 of 108, and the 8 of 108, when added together equals
9, which is the number of the numerical scale, i.e. 1, 2, 3 ... 10, etc.,
where 0 is not a number.
Meditations: Some say there are 108 styles of meditation.
Breath: Tantra estimates the average number of breaths per day at 21,600,
of which 10,800 are solar energy, and 10,800 are lunar energy. Multiplying
108 by 100 is 10,800. Multiplying 2 x 10,800 equals 21,600.
Smaller divisions: The number 108 is divided, such as in half, third,
quarter, or twelfth, so that some malas have 54, 36, 27, or 9 beads.
Islam: The number 108 is used in Islam to refer to God.
Jain: In the Jain religion, 108 are the combined virtues of five categories
of holy ones, including 12, 8, 36, 25, and 27 virtues respectively.
Sikh: The Sikh tradition has a mala of 108 knots tied in a string of wool,
rather than beads.
Buddhism: Some Buddhists carve 108 small Buddhas on a walnut for good luck.
Some ring a bell 108 times to celebrate a new year. There are said to be
108 virtues to cultivate and 108 defilements to avoid.
Chinese: The Chinese Buddhists and Taoists use a 108 bead mala, which is
called su-chu, and has three dividing beads, so the mala is divided into
three parts of 36 each. Chinese astrology says that there are 108 sacred
stars.
Meru: This is a larger bead, not part of the 108. It is not tied in the
sequence of the other beads. It is the guiding bead, the one that marks the
beginning and end of the mala.
Dance: There are 108 forms of dance in the Indian traditions.
Praiseworthy souls: There are 108 qualities of praiseworthy soul.
number 108 is very sacred.
According to Vedic scriptures, there are also 4 Yugas
Satya Yuga - consists of 172,800 years (1+7+2+8 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Treta Yuga consists of 1296000 years (1+2+9+6 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Dwapara Yuga consists of 864000 years (8+4+6) = 18 = (1+8 = 9)
Kaliyuga consists of 432000 years (4+3+2) = 9
Harshad number: 108 is a Harshad number, which is an integer divisible by
the sum of its digits (Harshad is from Sanskrit, and means "great joy")
Desires: There are said to be 108 earthly desires in mortals.
Lies: There are said to be 108 lies that humans tell.
Delusions: There are said to be 108 human delusions or forms of ignorance.
Heart Chakra: The chakras are the intersections of energy lines, and there
are said to be a total of 108 energy lines converging to form the heart
chakra. One of them, sushumna leads to the crown chakra, and is said to be
the path to Self-realization.
Sanskrit alphabet: There are 54 letters in the Sanskrit alphabet. Each has
masculine and feminine, Shiva and shakti. 54 times 2 is 108.
Pranayama: If one is able to be so calm in meditation as to have only 108
breaths in a day, enlightenment will come.
Upanishads: Some say there are 108 Upanishads, texts of the wisdom of the
ancient sages.
Sri Yantra: On the Sri Yantra there are marmas where three lines intersect,
and there are 54 such intersections. Each intersection has masculine and
feminine, Shiva and shakti qualities. 54 times 2 equals 108. Thus, there
are 108 points that define the Sri Yantra as well as the human body. The
angle formed by two adjacent lines in a pentagon equals 108 degrees.
Pentagon: The angle formed by two adjacent lines in a pentagon equals 108
degrees.
Marmas: Marmas or marmasthanas are like energy intersections called
chakras, except have fewer energy lines converging to form them. There are
said to be 108 marmas in the subtle body.
Time: Some say there are 108 feelings, with 36 related to the past, 36
related to the present, and 36 related to the future.
Chemistry: Interestingly, there are about 115 elements known on the
periodic table of the elements. Most of those, around or higher than the
number 100 only exist in the laboratory, and some for only thousandths of a
second. The number that naturally exist on Earth is around 100.
Astrology: There are 12 constellations, and 9 arc segments called namshas
or chandrakalas. 9 times 12 equals 108. Chandra is moon, and kalas are the
divisions within a whole.
River Ganga: The sacred River Ganga spans a longitude of 12 degrees (79 to
91), and a latitude of 9 degrees (22 to 31). 12 times 9 equals 108.
Planets and Houses: In Vedic astrology, there are 12 houses and 9 planets.
12 times 9 equals 108.
Goddess names: There are said to be 108 major names of the Vedic Gods and
Goddesses.
Gopis of Krishna: In the Krishna tradition, there were said to be 108 most
important of the gopis or maid servants of Krishna .
1, 0, and 8: Some say that 1 stands for God or higher Truth, 0 stands for
emptiness or completeness in spiritual practice, and 8 stands for infinity
or eternity.
Sun and Earth: The diameter of the Sun is 108 times the diameter of the
Earth. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 108 times the diameter of
the Sun.
Moon and Earth: The average distance of the Moon from the Earth is 108
times the diameter of the Moon.
Silver and the moon: In astrology, the metal silver is said to represent
the moon.
Numerical scale: The 1 of 108, and the 8 of 108, when added together equals
9, which is the number of the numerical scale, i.e. 1, 2, 3 ... 10, etc.,
where 0 is not a number.
Meditations: Some say there are 108 styles of meditation.
Breath: Tantra estimates the average number of breaths per day at 21,600,
of which 10,800 are solar energy, and 10,800 are lunar energy. Multiplying
108 by 100 is 10,800. Multiplying 2 x 10,800 equals 21,600.
Smaller divisions: The number 108 is divided, such as in half, third,
quarter, or twelfth, so that some malas have 54, 36, 27, or 9 beads.
Islam: The number 108 is used in Islam to refer to God.
Jain: In the Jain religion, 108 are the combined virtues of five categories
of holy ones, including 12, 8, 36, 25, and 27 virtues respectively.
Sikh: The Sikh tradition has a mala of 108 knots tied in a string of wool,
rather than beads.
Buddhism: Some Buddhists carve 108 small Buddhas on a walnut for good luck.
Some ring a bell 108 times to celebrate a new year. There are said to be
108 virtues to cultivate and 108 defilements to avoid.
Chinese: The Chinese Buddhists and Taoists use a 108 bead mala, which is
called su-chu, and has three dividing beads, so the mala is divided into
three parts of 36 each. Chinese astrology says that there are 108 sacred
stars.
Meru: This is a larger bead, not part of the 108. It is not tied in the
sequence of the other beads. It is the guiding bead, the one that marks the
beginning and end of the mala.
Dance: There are 108 forms of dance in the Indian traditions.
Praiseworthy souls: There are 108 qualities of praiseworthy soul.
--Dasan
Sampathkumar Makaram
Sampathkumar Makaram